Catholic-Hierarchy DC

The Year of Our Lord 1951

Bishop Events

March to April


See Also: January to February | May to June | July to August | September to October | November to December | Overview | Diocese Events | Necrology | Previous Year (1950) | Next Year (1952)

[Previous Page]

DateAgeEventBishopTitleCurrent Title
Mar61.3ResignedPatrick Maurice Connaughton, O.F.M. †Prefect of Suixian [Suihsien], ChinaPrefect Emeritus
70.0ResignedJohn Reesinck, M.H.M. †Vicar Apostolic of Upper Nile {Nilo Superiore}, UgandaVicar Apostolic Emeritus
2 Mar68.9AppointedPhilippe Sérvule DesranleauArchbishop of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
59.8AppointedManuel de Medeiros GuerreiroBishop of Nampula, MozambiqueBishop Emeritus
48.8AppointedCharles Eugène ParentArchbishop of Rimouski, Québec, CanadaArchbishop Emeritus
3 Mar BornStephen Jay BergBishop of Pueblo, Colorado, USA
67.4ResignedJacques Hubert Goumans, O.S.C. †Vicar Apostolic of Bandung, IndonesiaVicar Apostolic Emeritus
23.8Ordained PriestLászló Pacifik Paskai, O.F.M. †Priest of Order of Friars MinorCardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary
4 Mar48.4Ordained BishopÁngel Hidalgo IbáñezBishop of Jaca, SpainBishop Emeritus
59.1DiedBl. Zoltán Lajos MeszlényiAuxiliary Bishop of Esztergom, Hungary
7 Mar56.5AppointedThomas John McDonnellCoadjutor Bishop of Wheeling, West Virginia, USA
8 Mar64.5AppointedAlfred-Arthur Le Pailleur, C.S.C. †Titular Bishop of CyparissiaBishop Emeritus of Chittagong, Bangladesh
64.5ResignedAlfred-Arthur Le Pailleur, C.S.C. †Bishop of Chittagong, BangladeshBishop Emeritus
37.5AppointedGabriel Wilhelmus Manek, S.V.D. †Vicar Apostolic of Larantuka, IndonesiaArchbishop Emeritus of Endeh, Indonesia
37.5AppointedGabriel Wilhelmus Manek, S.V.D. †Titular Bishop of AlindaArchbishop Emeritus of Endeh, Indonesia
50.4AppointedLéon-Adolphe Messmer, O.F.M. Cap. †Titular Bishop of CoropissusBishop Emeritus of Ambanja, Madagascar
50.4AppointedLéon-Adolphe Messmer, O.F.M. Cap. †Vicar Apostolic of Ambanja, MadagascarBishop Emeritus of Ambanja, Madagascar
47.5AppointedAntonio Pott, S.V.D. †Bishop of Xinyang [Sinyang], ChinaFormer Bishop-Elect
44.7AppointedAntoine Hubert Thijssen, S.V.D. †Vicar Apostolic of Endeh, IndonesiaBishop Emeritus of Larantuka, Indonesia
44.7AppointedAntoine Hubert Thijssen, S.V.D. †Titular Bishop of NilopolisBishop Emeritus of Larantuka, Indonesia
37.8AppointedJoost (Joseph) Van den Biesen, M. Afr. †Vicar Apostolic of Abercorn, Zambia
40.9AppointedWilhelm van Bekkum, S.V.D. †Vicar Apostolic of Ruteng, IndonesiaBishop Emeritus of Ruteng, Indonesia
40.9AppointedWilhelm van Bekkum, S.V.D. †Titular Bishop of TigiasBishop Emeritus of Ruteng, Indonesia
9 Mar68.3DiedPetrus LeggeBishop of Meißen (Meissen), Germany
62.0AppointedAloisius Joseph MuenchApostolic Nuncio to GermanyCardinal, Bishop Emeritus of Fargo, North Dakota, USA
68.0SucceededHeinrich WienkenBishop of Meißen (Meissen), GermanyBishop Emeritus
10 Mar26.9Ordained PriestAlphonsus Maria Henricus Antonius CastermansPriest of Roermond, NetherlandsAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus
23.7Ordained PriestAntônio do Carmo Cheuiche, O.C.D. †Priest of Order of Discalced CarmelitesAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
25.7Ordained PriestMichael DallatPriest of Down and Connor, IrelandAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus
33.1IncardinatedBasil (Wasyl) Filevich (Felivich)Priest of Edmonton (Ukrainian), CanadaBishop Emeritus of Saskatoon (Ukrainian), Canada
25.8Ordained PriestOrozimbo Fuenzalida y FuenzalidaPriest of Rancagua, ChileBishop Emeritus of San Bernardo, Chile
71.8AppointedJorge García CaballerosApostolic Administrator of San Marcos, GuatemalaBishop of Quetzaltenango, Los Altos, Guatemala
71.8AppointedJorge García CaballerosApostolic Administrator of Sololá, GuatemalaBishop of Quetzaltenango, Los Altos, Guatemala
29.7IncardinatedNorbert Felix GaughanPriest of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, USABishop Emeritus of Gary, Indiana, USA
24.3Ordained PriestPatricio Maqui LopezPriestAuxiliary Bishop of Nueva Segovia, Philippines
40.2AppointedAndrew J. RoboreckiApostolic Exarch of Saskatoon (Ukrainian), CanadaBishop of Saskatoon (Ukrainian), Canada
26.9Ordained PriestManuel Cruz SobreviñasPriest of Manila, PhilippinesBishop Emeritus of Imus, Philippines
66.9AppointedEugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent TisserantPrefect of the Congregation of CeremoniesCardinal, Dean of the College of Cardinals
46.1IncardinatedCyril John VogelPriest of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, USABishop of Salina, Kansas, USA
11 Mar24.4Ordained PriestDiego Gutiérrez Pedraza, O.S.A. †Priest of Order of St. AugustinePrelate of Cafayate, Argentina
44.5AppointedImre KisberkAuxiliary Bishop of Székesfehérvár (Albareale), HungaryBishop Emeritus
44.5AppointedImre KisberkTitular Bishop of ChristianopolisBishop Emeritus of Székesfehérvár (Albareale), Hungary
29.3Ordained PriestJohn Perumattam, M.S.T. †Priest of Missionary Society of Saint Thomas the Apostle (Syro-Malabar)Bishop Emeritus of Ujjain (Syro-Malabar), India
49.5AppointedImre SzabóAuxiliary Bishop of Esztergom, HungaryApostolic Administrator
49.5AppointedImre SzabóTitular Bishop of ThyatiraApostolic Administrator of Esztergom, Hungary
12 Mar46.1Ordained BishopJohn Carmel HeenanBishop of Leeds, England, Great BritainCardinal, Archbishop of Westminster, England, Great Britain
13 Mar69.4AppointedBenigno Luciano Migliorini, O.F.M. †Archbishop of Lanciano e Ortona, Italy
14 Mar46.8DiedLaurent Tétrault, M. Afr. †Vicar Apostolic of Bukoba, Tanzania
89.4DiedAntonio Tommaso VidemariBishop Emeritus of Ogliastra, Italy
15 Mar51.8ResignedRené Marie Graffin, C.S.Sp. †Vicar Apostolic of Doumé, CameroonArchbishop Emeritus of Yaoundé, Cameroon
39.4AppointedJacques Teerenstra, C.S.Sp. †Vicar Apostolic of Doumé, CameroonBishop of Doumé, Cameroon
BornAlan Stephen Williams, S.M.Bishop of Brentwood, England, Great Britain
16 Mar56.1Ordained BishopAlbert-François Cousineau, C.S.C. †Titular Bishop of VartanaBishop of Cap-Haïtien, Haïti
25.6Ordained PriestHenry Swithin Thomas Alexander Wijetunge Goonewardena, O.M.I. †Priest of Oblates of Mary ImmaculateBishop Emeritus of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
67.4DiedKarol Mieczysław RadońskiBishop of Włocławek (Kujawy, Kalisze), Poland
BornHansjörg Vogel
18 Mar49.5InstalledCorrado MingoBishop of Trapani, ItalyArchbishop Emeritus of Monreale, Italy
63.1CeasedErnesto RuffiniApostolic Administrator of Trapani, ItalyCardinal, Archbishop of Palermo, Italy
80.1DiedAbel Zaya (Zayia), C.M. †Archbishop of Urmyā {Rezayeh} (Chaldean), Iran
19 Mar22.5Ordained PriestAntonio AmbrosanioPriest of Napoli {Naples}, ItalyArchbishop of Spoleto-Norcia, Italy
53.1InstalledPietro ZuccarinoCoadjutor Bishop of Bobbio (-Abbey of San Colombano), ItalyBishop
20 Mar BornCarlo CiattiniBishop of Massa Marittima-Piombino, Italy
BornPiotr LiberaBishop Emeritus of Płock, Poland
51.4AppointedEnrique RauAuxiliary Bishop of La Plata, ArgentinaBishop of Mar del Plata, Argentina
51.4AppointedEnrique RauTitular Bishop of VoncariaBishop of Mar del Plata, Argentina
21 Mar BornAbraham DestaVicar Apostolic of Meki, Ethiopia
23 Mar BornMichel Christian Alain AupetitArchbishop Emeritus of Paris, France
37.7AppointedJoão Cláudio CollingBishop of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilArchbishop Emeritus of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
47.0InstalledPatrick James Skinner, C.I.M. †Archbishop of Saint John’s, Newfoundland, CanadaArchbishop Emeritus
24 Mar25.4Ordained PriestJoseph Habib HittiPriestBishop Emeritus of Saint Maron of Sydney (Maronite), Australia
27.6Ordained PriestPeter Hoang Min SyengPriestBishop of Daejeon {Taejon}, Korea (South)
26.1Ordained PriestRafael Muñoz NúñezPriestBishop Emeritus of Aguascalientes, México
25.5Ordained PriestPróspero Penados del BarrioPriestArchbishop Emeritus of Guatemala
28.8Ordained PriestClemente Riva, I.C. †Priest of Institute of CharityAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Roma {Rome}, Italy
25.5Ordained PriestAntoine TorbeyPriest of Lattaquié {Laodicea} (Maronite), SyriaBishop Emeritus
25 Mar68.9DiedGeorge Joseph (Jorge José) CaruanaApostolic Delegate to México
25.8Ordained PriestLuigi DossenaPriest of Crema, ItalyApostolic Nuncio
22.2Ordained DeaconEfraím Basílio Krevey (Krevei), O.S.B.M. †Deacon of Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat (Order of St. Basil the Great)Bishop Emeritus of São João Batista em Curitiba (Ukrainian), Brazil
BornKenneth E. KuntzPriest of Davenport, Iowa, USA
26 Mar28.7Ordained PriestLouis Pathé BarryPriest of Conakry, GuineaPriest of Conakry {Konakry}, Guinea
BornJustin Saw Min ThideBishop of Hpa-an, Myanmar
27 Mar51.1AppointedGérard Mongeau, O.M.I. †Prelate of Cotabato, PhilippinesArchbishop Emeritus of Cotabato, Philippines
51.1AppointedGérard Mongeau, O.M.I. †Titular Bishop of DianaArchbishop Emeritus of Cotabato, Philippines
52.2AppointedEmile-Charles-Raymond PirolleyBishop of Mende, FranceBishop of Nancy (-Toul), France
48.7AppointedEmilio PizzoniBishop of Terracina, Priverno e Sezze, ItalyBishop Emeritus
45.9AppointedIlario RoattaBishop of Norcia, ItalyBishop Emeritus of Sant’Agata de’ Goti, Italy
28 Mar60.6AppointedCiril BanicApostolic Administrator of Šibenik (Knin), CroatiaBishop
60.6AppointedCiril BanicTitular Bishop of CoroneBishop of Šibenik (Knin), Croatia
80.7DiedJules-Marie-Victor Courcoux, C.Or.Iesu †Bishop of Orléans, France
57.2AppointedEdward Joseph HunkelerBishop of Kansas City in Kansas, USAArchbishop Emeritus of Kansas City in Kansas, USA
29 Mar20.3Ordained PriestJānis PujatsPriest of Riga, LatviaCardinal, Archbishop Emeritus
Apr69.2AppointedRaimundo María Julián Manguán-Martín y Delgado, O.P. †Apostolic Administrator of El Petén, GuatemalaBishop Emeritus of Verapaz, Cobán, Guatemala
1 Apr42.5Ordained BishopJános BárdTitular Bishop of UlpianaAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Kalocsa, Hungary
26.4Ordained PriestSerafín Luis Alberto Cartagena Ocaña, O.F.M.Priest of Order of Friars MinorVicar Apostolic Emeritus of Zamora en Ecuador
51.8Ordained BishopGiovanni Battista Cesana, M.C.C.I. †Titular Bishop of CerbaliBishop Emeritus of Gulu, Uganda
52.0Ordained BishopAgostino D’ArcoTitular Bishop of ThennesusBishop of Castellammare di Stabia, Italy
45.4Ordained BishopMihály Endrey-EipelTitular Bishop of BarataBishop of Vác, Hungary
41.8Ordained PriestJosé Armando Gutiérrez GranierPriestArchbishop Emeritus of Cochabamba, Bolivia
22.0Perpetual VowsFrancisco Javier Prado Aránguiz, SS.CC. †Member of Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and MaryBishop Emeritus of Rancagua, Chile
BornStephen RobsonBishop Emeritus of Dunkeld, Scotland, Great Britain
21.2Solemn VowsPellegrino Tomaso Ronchi, O.F.M. Cap. †Member of Order of Friars Minor CapuchinBishop Emeritus of Città di Castello, Italy
2 Apr23.0Ordained PriestFerenc Keszthelyi, O. Cist. †Priest of Order of CisterciansBishop Emeritus of Vác, Hungary
45.9Ordained BishopAdolph Gregory Schmitt, C.M.M. †Titular Bishop of NasaiBishop Emeritus of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
47.0Ordained BishopRené-Louis-Marie StourmBishop of Amiens, FranceArchbishop Emeritus of Sens (-Auxerre), France
3 Apr BornGuillermo Dela Vega AfableBishop of Digos, Philippines
BornJean-Bosco NtepBishop of Edéa, Cameroon
57.3Ordained BishopAlphonse Streit, C.M.M. †Bishop of Mariannhill, South AfricaBishop Emeritus
5 Apr58.7AppointedPedro Pablo (Luis Reinaldo) Andrade Sánchez, O.F.M. †Prefect of Galápagos, EcuadorPrefect Emeritus
53.1AppointedVitale Bonifacio Bertoli, O.F.M. †Vicar Apostolic of Tripoli, Libya
53.1AppointedVitale Bonifacio Bertoli, O.F.M. †Titular Bishop of AttaeaVicar Apostolic of Tripoli, Libya
AppointedDominic Chen Te-mien, O.F.M. †Apostolic Administrator of Suixian [Suihsien], China
BornJosé Vicente Conejero GallegoBishop of Formosa, Argentina
78.7DiedGiovanni RosiBishop of Montefiascone, Italy
6 Apr77.6DiedAuguste Sieffert, C.Ss.R. †Bishop Emeritus of La Paz, Bolivia
7 Apr66.5AppointedThomas Edmund MolloyArchbishop (Personal Title) of Brooklyn, New York, USABishop
8 Apr39.2Ordained BishopAlfonso Beretta, P.I.M.E. †Bishop of Hyderabad, IndiaBishop Emeritus of Warangal, India
45.8Ordained BishopFrancesco CarpinoTitular Archbishop of NicomediaCardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Palermo, Italy
23.4Ordained PriestEndre Gergely Kovács, O. Cist. †Priest of Order of CisterciansAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Eger, Hungary
42.5AppointedAníbal Muñoz DuqueBishop of Socorro y San Gil, ColombiaCardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Bogotá, Colombia
9 Apr45.1AppointedEgidio VagnozziApostolic Nuncio to PhilippinesCardinal, Prefect of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
10 Apr BornJuan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de ChinchetruSecretary of the Dicastery for Legislative Texts
BornEarl Alfred Boyea, Jr.Bishop of Lansing, Michigan, USA
11 Apr BornJoseph Yapo AkéArchbishop Emeritus of Gagnoa, Côte d’Ivoire
55.0AppointedNicola CaninoTitular Bishop of Aureliopolis in AsiaBishop Emeritus of Oppido Mamertina, Italy
55.0ResignedNicola CaninoBishop of Oppido Mamertina, ItalyBishop Emeritus
41.2Ordained BishopJoseph Lennox FederalTitular Bishop of AppiariaBishop Emeritus of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
24.6Ordained PriestJohn Joseph GlynnPriest of Boston, Massachusetts, USAAuxiliary Bishop Emeritus of United States of America, Military
42.6Ordained BishopAndré Jacques, C.I.C.M. †Titular Bishop of IngilaBishop Emeritus of Boma, Congo (Dem. Rep.)
30.0Ordained PriestHippolytus Anthony Kunnunkal, O.F.M. Cap. †Priest of Order of Friars Minor CapuchinBishop Emeritus of Jammu-Srinagar, India
23.8Ordained PriestAnthony Li DuanPriestBishop of Xi’an [Sian, Chang-An], China
46.5Ordained BishopArturo Vélez MartínezBishop of Toluca, México, MéxicoBishop Emeritus
12 Apr BornJosé Alfredo Caires de Nobrega, S.C.I.Bishop of Mananjary, Madagascar
38.8AppointedPietro Luigi Carretto, S.D.B. †Vicar Apostolic of Rajaburi, ThailandBishop Emeritus of Surat Thani, Thailand
38.8AppointedPietro Luigi Carretto, S.D.B. †Titular Bishop of ZenobiasBishop Emeritus of Surat Thani, Thailand
43.2AppointedPeter Joseph Fan XueyanBishop of Baoding [Paoting, Ching-Yüan], China
62.0AppointedJoseph Alexander FernandesArchbishop of Delhi and Simla, IndiaArchbishop of Delhi, India
BornPeter Liu Cheng-chungBishop of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
53.2AppointedSisto Mazzoldi, F.S.C.J. †Vicar Apostolic of Bahr el-Gebel, SudanBishop Emeritus of Moroto, Uganda
53.2AppointedSisto Mazzoldi, F.S.C.J. †Titular Bishop of LamusBishop Emeritus of Moroto, Uganda
BornJulio César Salcedo Aquino, M.J.Bishop of Tlaxcala, México
13 Apr75.5AppointedGuglielmo Piani, S.D.B. †Apostolic Delegate to México
15 Apr BornFrancis Xavier Hiroaki NakanoBishop of Kagoshima, Japan
22.5Ordained PriestAntónio Ramos Monteiro, O.F.M. Cap. †Priest of Order of Friars Minor CapuchinBishop of Viseu, Portugal
39.8Ordained BishopPasquale VeneziaBishop of Ariano, ItalyBishop Emeritus of Avellino, Italy
18 Apr61.5AppointedRaffaele BarattaBishop of Rieti (-S. Salvatore Maggiore), ItalyArchbishop Emeritus of Perugia, Italy
65.4DiedHenri-Marie-Joseph PinsonBishop of Saint-Flour, France
19 Apr BornEnrique Pérez LavadoBishop of Maturín, Venezuela
20 Apr61.1AppointedEugeniusz BaziakCoadjutor Bishop of Kraków {Cracow}, PolandArchbishop of Lviv, Ukraine
AppointedIlluminato Colombo, O.F.M. †Prefect of Misurata, Libya
21 Apr67.2DiedSaverio RitterOfficial of the Secretariat of State
75.2CeasedJosip SrebrnićApostolic Administrator of Rijeka (-Opatija), CroatiaBishop of Krk (Veglia), Croatia
50.9AppointedAnton VovkApostolic Administrator of Rijeka (-Opatija), CroatiaArchbishop of Ljubljana, Slovenia
22 Apr53.2Ordained BishopCesar Francesco Benedetti, O.F.M. †Titular Bishop of TiddiVicar Apostolic Emeritus of Cuevo, Bolivia
42.3AppointedZdzisław GolińskiBishop of Częstochowa, Poland
45.7Ordained BishopBiagio MustoTitular Bishop of BassianaBishop of Aquino, Sora, e Pontecorvo, Italy
36.0Ordained BishopJosé Rincón BonillaTitular Bishop of TamasusAuxiliary Bishop of Caracas, Santiago de Venezuela
24 Apr BornGiuseppe Bausardo, S.D.B.Vicar Apostolic Emeritus of Alexandria of Egypt {Alessandria di Egitto} (-Eliopoli di Egitto-Port-Said)
BornRoberto (Patrick) Camilleri Azzopardi, O.F.M. †Bishop of Comayagua, Honduras
25 Apr37.6Ordained BishopGabriel Wilhelmus Manek, S.V.D. †Titular Bishop of AlindaArchbishop Emeritus of Endeh, Indonesia
51.0Ordained BishopDino Luigi Romoli, O.P. †Bishop of Pescia, ItalyBishop Emeritus
26 Apr47.3AppointedAntoni Baraniak, S.D.B. †Auxiliary Bishop of Gniezno, PolandArchbishop of Poznań, Poland
47.3AppointedAntoni Baraniak, S.D.B. †Titular Bishop of Theodosiopolis in ArmeniaArchbishop of Poznań, Poland
48.1AppointedTeodor BenschAuxiliary Bishop of Wrocław {Breslavia}, Poland
48.1AppointedTeodor BenschTitular Bishop of TabudaAuxiliary Bishop of Wrocław {Breslavia}, Poland
61.3SelectedJules Georges KandelaAuxiliary Bishop of Mossul (Syrian), IraqArchbishop Emeritus
47.3AppointedBolesław KominekAuxiliary Bishop of Wrocław {Breslavia}, PolandCardinal, Archbishop
47.3AppointedBolesław KominekTitular Bishop of SopheneCardinal, Archbishop of Wrocław {Breslavia}, Poland
50.6AppointedEdmund NowickiCoadjutor Bishop of Gdańsk, PolandBishop
50.6AppointedEdmund NowickiTitular Bishop of HadrianeBishop of Gdańsk, Poland
BornRyszard Szmydki, O.M.I.Secretary Emeritus of the Dicastery for Evangelization
27 Apr59.7AppointedKiril Stefan (Nikola) KurtevApostolic Exarch of Sofia (Bulgarian), Bulgaria
28 Apr61.6AppointedJosef HiltlAuxiliary Bishop of Regensburg, Germany
61.6AppointedJosef HiltlTitular Bishop of ConstantinaAuxiliary Bishop of Regensburg, Germany
77.5AppointedFederico TedeschiniCardinal-Bishop of FrascatiCardinal, Datary of the Apostolic Datary
29 Apr73.3DiedAnton Ceska, S.V.D. †Prefect Emeritus of Niigata, Japan
BornJean-Pierre DelvilleBishop of Liège (Luik, Lüttich), Belgium
132.5BeatifiedSt. José María Díaz Sanjurjo, O.P. †Vicar Apostolic of Central Tonking {Tonkino Centrale}, Viet Nam
130.0BeatifiedSt. Melchor García Sanpedro, O.P. †Vicar Apostolic of Central Tonking {Tonkino Centrale}, Viet Nam
BornUlises Antonio Gutiérrez Reyes, O. de M.Archbishop of Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela
81.5DiedMartin KheberichAuxiliary Bishop of Spiš, Slovakia
49.6Ordained BishopImre SzabóTitular Bishop of ThyatiraApostolic Administrator of Esztergom, Hungary
30 Apr39.5AppointedMiguel Angel García y AráuzBishop of Jalapa, GuatemalaBishop Emeritus
[Next Page]

============

Home | Countries | Religious Men Women | Popes | Holy See | Roman Curia | Cardinals by Rank
Bishops: All | Living | Deceased | Youngest | Oldest | Cardinal Electors
Dioceses: All | Current Only | Titular | Vacant | Structured View
Events: Overview | Recent | by Date | by Year | Necrology
Ad Limina | Conclaves | Consistories | Councils
Eastern Catholic Churches

============

About Catholic-Hierarchy
Terminology/Site Help
[ Comments/Corrections ] Copyright David M. Cheney, 1996-2024
Code: web_e, v3.2.5, 30 Sep 2024; Data: 13 Nov 2024